5 Reasons Why You Should Care About Air Pollution

Air pollution occurs when any chemical, physical, or biological element present in the indoor or outdoor environment changes the atmosphere's natural characteristics, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

In 2019, air pollution was deemed responsible for 1.67 million fatalities in India, representing 17.8% of all deaths in the country. Most of these fatalities were due to ambient particulate matter and household air pollution.

Air pollution is the contamination of the air we breathe, which can arise from a variety of sources, such as any chemical, physical, or biological agent. These sources encompass vehicle emissions, industrial discharges, and even routine activities like cooking or using certain household products.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for several common air pollutants, which primarily include particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and lead.

The presence of these pollutants, which can vary from microscopic particles to hazardous gases, can have severe consequences on our health and the overall environment. According to a 2020 publication by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) group, the burden associated with ambient particulate air pollution and household air pollution is linked to low birthweight and short gestation. This adds to the previously recognised burden of lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cataracts, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lower respiratory infections.

Air pollution is a pressing reality that affects each of us, often in ways we don’t even realise. The air we breathe significantly influences both our health and our happiness in everyday life. So, why should you care? Here are five compelling reasons why air pollution is everyone’s problem — and how we can all take action for a cleaner future.

1. Health risks

Poor air quality is connected to various health problems such as respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and even cardiovascular issues. The WHO reports that approximately 7 million people die prematurely every year worldwide because of air pollution.

It’s not just vulnerable populations like children and the elderly who are affected. Studies show that even short-term exposure to polluted air can lead to headaches, fatigue, and decreased brain function. Imagine trying to concentrate at work or enjoy a family outing, only to feel sluggish or unwell because of the air around you. 

2. Mood and mental clarity

Did you know that the air we breathe can affect our mental health as well? Research suggests a strong link between air pollution and mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. When the air is filled with harmful particles and toxins, our brain functions can take a hit.

Research indicates that people residing in highly polluted regions tend to experience lower life satisfaction and heightened stress levels. Clean air, on the other hand, is linked to improved mood. So, if you want to boost your mood and mental clarity, advocating for cleaner air is a smart move.

3. Environmental impact

Air pollution does not just harm human health; it also wreaks havoc on our environment. Pollutants can travel long distances, affecting ecosystems and wildlife far from their source. For instance, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain, which can harm forests, lakes, and soil.

Additionally, air pollution worsens climate change by increasing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. This affects weather patterns, leading to extreme conditions like droughts and floods. A clean environment is essential for all forms of life, and addressing air pollution is a vital step in safeguarding our planet for future generations.

4. Economic costs

Air pollution comes with a hefty price tag. The economic burden is staggering, with healthcare costs linked to pollution-related diseases running into a huge amount each year. The financial burden is further intensified by lost productivity caused by illness and early mortality.

But it’s not just about the cost of treatment; investing in clean air initiatives can yield substantial economic benefits. Studies have shown that every penny spent on reducing air pollution can result in several savings in healthcare costs and improved productivity. Clean air isn’t just good for our health; it’s good for our wallets too.

5. Outdoor enjoyment

Let’s face it: Who doesn’t love spending time outdoors? Whether it’s hiking in the mountains, picnicking in the park, or simply enjoying a sunny day in your backyard, outdoor activities enrich our lives. However, poor air quality can dampen these experiences.

When the air is polluted, outdoor activities can become hazardous, especially for sensitive groups. Smoggy days might keep you indoors, limiting your enjoyment of nature and exercise. By advocating for cleaner air, you’re not just protecting your health; you’re ensuring everyone can enjoy the great outdoors without worry. Fresh air equals more adventures.

Now that we have explored why air pollution is everyone’s problem, what can we do about it? Take a look at these practical steps: 

1. Reduce your carbon footprint

Use public transport, carpool, bike, or walk whenever possible. Opt for energy-efficient appliances and reduce electricity consumption at home.

2. Support clean energy

Advocate for renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro. These alternatives significantly reduce air pollutants compared to fossil fuels.

3. Get involved

Join local environmental groups focused on clean air initiatives. Participate in community clean-up events and support policies aimed at reducing pollution.

4. Stay informed

Keep an eye on air quality reports and alerts in your area. Understanding pollution levels can help you make informed decisions about outdoor activities.

5. Spread the word

Share information about air pollution and its effects with friends and family. The more we discuss it, the greater the awareness we foster.

“Air pollution is a silent epidemic; it compromises our respiratory health, increases the risk of chronic diseases, and can even affect our mental well-being,” says Dr CS Ramachandran, MS, a senior consultant based in Delhi.

Air pollution is a challenge that affects us all, but it’s not insurmountable. By understanding the risks and taking action, we can work together for cleaner air and a healthier future. Whether it’s embracing sustainable practices like using clean energy, reducing emissions, or advocating for greener policies, every small effort counts.

Emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, construction activities, and power plants that use fossil fuels are the major contributors to air pollution. Additionally, household activities such as cooking, heating, and using aerosol products contribute significantly to indoor and outdoor air quality degradation.

Air pollution affects everyone by compromising respiratory and cardiovascular health, leading to increased rates of asthma, heart disease, and other illnesses. It also impacts mental well-being and quality of life, as poor air quality can limit outdoor activities and overall enjoyment of the environment.

Children are more significantly impacted by air pollution than adults, as their developing lungs and immune systems are more at risk from harmful pollutants. This increases their likelihood of experiencing respiratory issues and developmental challenges. Moreover, children tend to spend more time outside and inhale more air in relation to their body weight, which heightens their vulnerability to the negative effects of poor air quality.

Individuals can opt for public transportation, biking, or walking instead of driving, which thereby reduces vehicle emissions.