Bye-bye, Snowflakes! How to Get Rid of Dandruff for Good

India's diverse climate, ranging from the humid south to the arid north, significantly impacts scalp health. While the country's weather has its charm, it can be a challenge for those struggling with dandruff.

Dandruff — those annoying white flakes that just won't quit — affects people of all ages, genders, and hair types. Whether you're a young professional, a busy parent, or enjoying your golden years, chances are you've faced frustration due to a flaky scalp. In India, this issue is especially widespread, with 60.1% of the population in South Asia experiencing dandruff, compared to the global average of 50%.

So, how can you finally get rid of dandruff? This article has the answers you’ve been looking for to tackle those flakes and regain a healthy scalp.

What is dandruff?

Dandruff, also known as pityriasis sicca or pityriasis capitis, is a common scalp condition that causes the skin cells to shed at an accelerated rate, resulting in white or yellowish flakes on the scalp, hair, and shoulders. In more severe cases, where redness and oily scaling occur, it is classified as seborrheic dermatitis, which can also affect other parts of the body.

As Dr Meghna Maur, a dermatologist, explains in our previous blog, “Dandruff is like your scalp shedding too much skin. Unlike normal shedding, the skin cells build up and flake off in bigger chunks, like white snowflakes landing in your hair.”

Dandruff generally falls into two main categories:

1. Dry dandruff – The most common type, marked by small, white flakes often caused by a dry scalp or infrequent shampooing.
   
   
2. Greasy dandruff – This type is less common and features larger, yellowish, sticky flakes caused by excess oil production on the scalp.

Understanding these types is key to managing dandruff effectively and keeping your scalp healthy.

Causes of dandruff

Dandruff can result from several underlying factors, ranging from environmental triggers to skin conditions. Here are some of the most common causes:

Dry skin

One of the most frequent causes, especially in winter or in dry regions of India. When the scalp lacks moisture, it becomes flaky and irritated, leading to mild dandruff.

Fungal overgrowth (Malassezia)

A naturally occurring yeast on the scalp can grow excessively, feeding on oils and producing irritation that results in dandruff. This is particularly common in humid climates.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

A more severe form of dandruff caused by inflammation and oiliness of the skin. It leads to greasy, yellowish flakes and may also affect the eyebrows, sides of the nose, and behind the ears.

Skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis

Both conditions can affect the scalp, producing symptoms similar to dandruff, including redness, flaking, and itchiness. Psoriasis often presents with thick, silvery scales.

Common symptoms of dandruff

Dandruff also presents with a range of symptoms, which may vary in severity depending on the underlying cause:

Flaking

White or yellow flakes are the most recognisable sign of dandruff. These often appear on the scalp, in the hair, or on the shoulders.

Itching

A common and often bothersome symptom. Itching can range from mild irritation to persistent discomfort that may worsen with scratching.

Redness and greasiness

More typical in seborrhoeic dermatitis, the scalp may appear inflamed and oily, with greasy patches and scaly skin.

Hair thinning or loss 

Prolonged inflammation or untreated dandruff may damage hair follicles, leading to noticeable thinning or temporary hair loss.

10 natural remedies to conquer dandruff

Dandruff, those pesky white flakes that can make your hair look unkempt, can be a frustrating problem. While over-the-counter treatments are readily available, many prefer natural remedies to soothe their scalp and eliminate dandruff. Here are ten home remedies that may explain how to remove dandruff quickly.

1. Tea tree oil: Nature's antiseptic

Tea tree oil is very well-known for its antifungal and antibacterial qualities. It is helpful against fungi that cause dandruff. Mix a tiny amount of tea tree oil with coconut oil and gently massage it into your scalp. Tea tree oil should never be used directly on the skin. Mix a few drops with a carrier oil, such as coconut oil, and gently massage it into your scalp. Leave it for at least 30 minutes or overnight before washing it out.

2. Apple cider vinegar: A pH balancing act

Apple cider vinegar helps restore the natural pH balance of your scalp, creating an environment less favourable for the growth of dandruff-causing fungi. It also has mild astringent properties that can reduce oiliness and product build-up. Mix it with water in equal parts (1:1 ratio), apply the solution to your scalp, leave it for 10-15 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water.

3. Coconut oil: A natural moisturiser

Coconut oil is an awesome moisturiser that can help with a dry, flaky scalp. Its natural antibacterial and antifungal qualities also support scalp health. Warm a small amount of coconut oil, massage it into your scalp using your fingertips, and leave it on for a few hours or overnight before washing it out with a gentle shampoo.

4. Aloe vera: A soothing solution

Aloe vera is known for its cooling, anti-inflammatory, and moisturising effects. It helps calm irritation, reduce redness, and hydrate the scalp. Extract the fresh gel from an aloe vera leaf and apply it directly to your scalp. Leave it on for about 30 minutes before rinsing with water or a mild shampoo. 

5. Yoghurt: A probiotic powerhouse

Plain yoghurt is rich in probiotics and lactic acid, which can help balance the scalp’s microbiome and reduce fungal overgrowth. It also cools and soothes itchy, inflamed skin. Apply a generous layer of natural, unsweetened yoghurt to your scalp and leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing with lukewarm water.

6. Lemon juice: A citrusy cleanse

Lemon juice is naturally acidic, which helps in breaking down excess oil and clearing away dandruff flakes. Its antifungal properties also help keep the scalp clean and balanced. Dilute fresh lemon juice with an equal amount of water and gently massage it onto your scalp. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly. 

7. Fenugreek seeds: Ancient remedy

Fenugreek (methi) seeds have been used in Indian home remedies for generations. They are packed with antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory compounds that help reduce dandruff and soothe irritation. Soak a tablespoon of seeds in water overnight, grind them into a smooth paste, and apply it evenly to your scalp. Leave it on for 30-45 minutes before rinsing off with a gentle shampoo.

8. Neem leaves: Nature's protector

Neem leaves have powerful antifungal and antibacterial properties that are effective against dandruff and scalp infections. Boil a handful of neem leaves in water for about 10-15 minutes, then let the water cool. Use this herbal rinse after shampooing or crush the boiled leaves into a paste and apply it as a scalp mask for deeper treatment.

9. Baking soda: A gentle exfoliator

Baking soda acts as a mild exfoliant, helping to remove dead skin cells, excess oil, and dandruff flakes. It can also restore scalp pH. Mix one to two tablespoons with enough water to form a paste. Apply it to a damp scalp, massage gently, and rinse thoroughly after a few minutes. Use sparingly to avoid over-drying the scalp.

10. Indian gooseberry (Amla): A vitamin-packed powerhouse

Amla is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory compounds that support scalp health, reduce dandruff, and strengthen hair follicles. You can use fresh amla juice or amla powder mixed with water or oil. Massage it into the scalp and leave it on for 30-60 minutes before rinsing off. Regular use may also help improve hair shine and thickness.

Dietary habits: How to remove dandruff?

A well-balanced diet can play a key role in managing dandruff. Foods that are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and chia seeds, help reduce inflammation on the scalp, which is a common contributor to dandruff. Zinc, found in sources like pumpkin seeds, lentils, and oysters, is vital for controlling oil production and fighting the fungus often responsible for dandruff.

Biotin, a type of vitamin B, is essential for healthy and thick hair growth and can help prevent hair loss linked to dandruff. Vitamin E, which is abundant in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils, acts as a potent antioxidant that shields the scalp from oxidative stress. Lastly, drinking plenty of water ensures proper hydration, which can help prevent dryness and reduce flaking.

Lifestyle tips for managing dandruff

• Maintain scalp hygiene: Avoid excessive oiling, as it can feed the fungus Malassezia naturally present on the scalp, potentially leading to overgrowth, inflammation, and increased skin cell turnover. Wash your hair regularly with a mild shampoo to prevent buildup.

• Healthy diet: Include foods rich in zinc, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids to nourish your scalp and support overall hair health.

• Stress management: To keep stress levels in check, incorporate stress-relieving practices like yoga, meditation, or regular exercise into your routine.

• Avoid harsh products: Steer clear of chemical-laden styling products and harsh shampoos to protect your scalp and hair from damage.

Flaky scalp: Is it dandruff or dryness?

While dandruff and dry scalp are often confused due to their similar symptoms, they are actually distinct conditions with different underlying causes and treatments.

A dry scalp typically produces small, white flakes that are often accompanied by mild to moderate itching. This condition is usually caused by a lack of moisture in the scalp, much like dry skin elsewhere on the body. It may occur due to cold weather, excessive washing, or the use of harsh hair products. Treatment generally involves using moisturising shampoos and conditioners designed to hydrate and soothe the scalp.

In contrast, dandruff is often characterised by larger, yellowish-white flakes and intense itching. Unlike dry scalp, dandruff is commonly caused by a fungal overgrowth; specifically, a yeast called Malassezia that lives on the scalp. This condition tends to be more persistent and may require the use of medicated anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, or selenium sulphide.

In our published blog, Dr Meghna explains that anti-dandruff shampoos pack a punch against those pesky flakes. Ingredients like ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione target the root cause (often yeast), while salicylic acid buffs away dead skin cells.

No more flakes

Dandruff can be a persistent and frustrating issue, but you can effectively manage and reduce its symptoms with the right approach. You can reclaim a healthy and flake-free scalp by understanding the causes and symptoms and implementing a combination of natural remedies, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments.

If dandruff persists despite home remedies, or you experience severe itching, redness, or hair loss, consult a dermatologist. These could indicate an underlying condition like psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infection. Remember, consistency is key. Be patient and persistent in your efforts, and you'll be well on your way to a dandruff-free future.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How can I permanently get rid of dandruff?

While there's no permanent cure, consistently using medicated shampoos, natural remedies like tea tree oil or apple cider vinegar, and a balanced diet can significantly reduce dandruff.

2. What is dandruff caused by? 

Dandruff is primarily caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Malassezia, which thrives on the scalp's natural oils. Dry skin and certain skin conditions can also contribute.

3. How to clear dandruff naturally? 

Natural remedies like tea tree oil, apple cider vinegar, and aloe vera gel can help soothe the scalp and reduce dandruff. However, consult a dermatologist for persistent issues.

4. Does lemon remove dandruff?

Lemon juice can help reduce dandruff due to its acidic properties, but excessive use can irritate the scalp. Dilute it with water before applying.

5. Does curd remove dandruff?

Curd's cooling and anti-inflammatory properties can help soothe the scalp and reduce dandruff. Apply it to your scalp, leave it for 15-20 minutes, and rinse.