Heads Up! Your Neck Might Be Causing That Cervicogenic Headache

Headaches are part of everyday life for many of us. We shrug them off as part of stress, tension, or fatigue, but did you know that some headaches don’t actually originate in your head? They might be coming from your neck! That’s the case with cervicogenic headaches — a type of headache that’s lesser-known but can cause significant discomfort. Let's explore cervicogenic headaches, including their symptoms, causes, and, crucially, ways to achieve relief.

A cervicogenic headache is called a secondary headache, meaning it results from another physical condition, specifically an issue in the neck or cervical spine. Unlike migraines or tension headaches, the root cause lies in the joints, muscles, nerves, or bones of the neck. Neck pain can extend upwards to the head, resulting in headaches that are frequently misidentified as other headache types.

A recent study conducted in India found that 10.4% of the young population experiences cervicogenic headaches, which may result from neck strain caused by using smartphones, laptops, or engaging in activities such as studying and playing games.

This form of headache is often linked to posture, especially when many people spend long hours hunched over desks or looking down at screens. Poor posture and neck strain can irritate the nerves in your neck, leading to chronic cervicogenic headaches. It's crucial to recognise the unique nature of this headache to find proper relief.

Cervicogenic headaches can be tricky to identify because their symptoms overlap with those of other headache types. However, there are some tell-tale signs that set them apart:

Pain starts in the neck: The hallmark of a cervicogenic headache is that the pain usually starts in the neck, particularly at the base of the skull, and then spreads to the head. You might feel discomfort on one side of your head, in your forehead, behind your eyes, or even in your temples.

Stiff neck: A common indicator is a restricted flexibility or stiffness in the neck. If turning your head or looking up and down worsens the pain, it’s a possible sign of a cervicogenic headache.

Pain with specific neck movements: Activities that involve neck strain — like sitting at a computer for hours or holding your head in an awkward position — can trigger or worsen the headache.

Steady, non-throbbing pain: Unlike migraines, which are often described as throbbing, cervicogenic headaches typically produce a steady, dull ache. The pain may be constant but mild, or it can be sharp and more intense.

Shoulder and arm pain: Some people with cervicogenic headaches also experience discomfort radiating down to their shoulders and arms, caused by nerve compression in the neck.

Understanding the root causes of cervicogenic headaches is essential for both prevention and treatment. Unlike primary headaches like migraines, cervicogenic headaches are usually triggered by an underlying issue in the neck or cervical spine. Here are some of the most common causes:

Poor posture: Whether you're slouched over your desk, staring down at your phone, or sitting for long hours without stretching, poor posture can strain the neck muscles and joints, leading to headaches.

Neck injuries: Injuries to the neck, like whiplash caused by a car crash or a sports-related impact, can lead to cervicogenic headaches. These injuries can cause misalignment or damage to the cervical vertebrae, which triggers the pain.

Cervical spine degeneration: Conditions such as osteoarthritis or herniated discs in the cervical spine can add pressure on the nerves and joints in the neck, which may result in headaches.

Nerve compression: Sometimes, nerves in the neck become pinched or compressed, which can send pain signals to the head.

Muscle tension: Tension or spasms in the neck muscles and shoulders can affect nearby nerves, leading to headaches. Chronic stress often contributes to this muscle tension.

Underlying medical conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, infections, or tumours in the cervical region may also lead to cervicogenic headaches, although these causes are less common.

Cervicogenic headaches are not dangerous to life, but if not addressed, they can greatly impact your overall quality of life. Chronic pain can lead to:

Reduced mobility: Persistent neck pain may limit your ability to move your head freely, making daily activities like driving, exercising, or even sitting at your desk uncomfortable.

Decreased productivity: Chronic headaches can make it difficult to focus at work or school, reducing your productivity and increasing feelings of frustration.

Mental health challenges: Managing chronic pain can greatly affect your mental well-being, resulting in symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, attention and concentration problems.

Sleep disturbances: Cervicogenic headaches often worsen at night, making it difficult to get restful sleep, which in turn can exacerbate the headache.

While medical treatments are available for cervicogenic headaches, there are several home remedies that can help you manage symptoms and even prevent headaches from occurring in the first place.

1. Improve your posture

Proper posture is key to preventing cervicogenic headaches. When sitting, make sure your head is aligned with your spine, and avoid slouching. Consider using an ergonomic chair and setting up your workspace so that your screen is at eye level.

1. Neck stretches and exercises

Gentle stretches and exercises for the neck can enhance flexibility and diminish muscle tightness. Stretching the muscles on the sides and back of your neck can alleviate tightness that contributes to headaches. Incorporate exercises that strengthen your neck muscles as well, such as chin tucks.

1. Cold and heat therapy

Applying a cold pack to the base of your skull can help reduce inflammation and numb the pain. Alternatively, heat therapy with a warm towel or heating pad can relax tight muscles in the neck.

1. Massage therapy

Getting regular massages can help relieve muscle tightness and alleviate stress in the neck, shoulders, and upper back. Focus on areas where you feel the most discomfort.

1. Medications

Certain medications can help relieve the pain and inflammation associated with cervicogenic headaches. However, it’s important not to rely on these for long-term treatment. We always recommend consulting a doctor before taking any type of medication.

1. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques

Long-term stress can cause muscle tightness, potentially resulting in headaches. Practising yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help relieve stress and lessen headache symptoms.

Cervicogenic headaches are often overlooked or misdiagnosed, but recognising the unique symptoms and causes of this type of headache is the first step toward effective treatment. With a combination of improved posture, stretching, and home remedies, you can find relief and prevent these headaches from disrupting your life. If your headaches continue or become more severe, it’s important to seek advice from a healthcare provider for additional assessment and treatment alternatives.

Cervicogenic headaches generally aren't considered life-threatening, yet they can result in ongoing pain and diminish your overall quality of life. It’s important to seek treatment if the headaches become frequent or severe.

Cervicogenic headaches are relatively common, especially in individuals with neck problems or poor posture. However, they are often underdiagnosed because they mimic other types of headaches.

You can expect to experience neck pain that radiates to the head, often triggered by specific neck movements or posture. By adopting appropriate treatment and making lifestyle adjustments, it is possible for symptoms to get better as time passes.

The duration of cervicogenic headaches can vary. Some may last for a few hours, while others may persist for days or even weeks if left untreated.

You should ask about the potential underlying causes of your headache, treatment options, and any lifestyle changes you can make to prevent future headaches. It’s also important to ask about the best exercises or physical therapy techniques to improve neck health.