Bacterial Vaginosis: A Familiar Problem with a Simple Fix

Have you ever considered how self-sufficient your vagina is? It’s home to millions of beneficial bacteria that work tirelessly to keep it healthy and clean. In a healthy vagina, there’s a delicate balance between good and bad bacteria, with the good ones helping maintain this equilibrium, while the bad ones can lead to problems. Although bacterial vaginosis isn’t classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), its occurrence can be influenced by factors like sexual activity and hygiene practices. Adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce your risk of developing bacterial vaginosis. Studies show that around 44.16% of women are affected by this condition, particularly those aged 24 to 35.

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection resulting from an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina, where harmful bacteria outnumber the beneficial lactobacilli. It often presents with symptoms such as a thin, greyish-white discharge and a strong, fishy odour, although many women may not experience noticeable symptoms. Globally, the prevalence of BV among women of reproductive age ranges from 23% to 29%, making it a significant public health concern. While not classified as an STI, BV is associated with sexual activity and can increase the risk of other infections and pregnancy-related complications if left untreated.

What are the possible causes of bacterial vaginosis?

BV often sneaks in when the delicate balance of bacteria down there goes a bit haywire. Before we dive into the usual suspects, let’s take a closer look at what could be throwing your vaginal flora into chaos.

Multiple or new sex partners

Bacterial vaginosis risk goes up when you have more than one sex partner, as it affects the natural flora in your vagina.

Menstruation and pregnancy

Hormonal changes, especially during your period or pregnancy, can also shift the bacterial balance.

Using vaginal sprays or soaps

Your vagina naturally maintains a healthy, acidic pH and has self-cleaning capabilities. Unfortunately, certain sprays and soaps marketed for vaginal cleaning can disrupt this balance and may do more harm than good.

Smoking

Believe it or not, smoking can also increase the chances of overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina.

Not enough good bacteria

Sometimes, the presence of harmful bacteria can outnumber the beneficial ones, leading to bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis vs yeast infection​

Bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections are both common vaginal conditions but have different causes. BV is triggered by an imbalance of bacteria, while yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. BV usually results in a thin, greyish discharge with a fishy smell, while yeast infections cause thick, white discharge with intense itching but little to no odour. Treatment varies too. 

Who is at risk of getting bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis can affect women of any age, but certain factors make some people more likely to develop it. While BV is often mild, it can lead to complications if left untreated.

People at higher risk include:

• Women who are sexually active, especially with new or multiple partners

• Those who do not use barrier protection during sex

• Individuals who smoke

• People who use douches, scented soaps, or vaginal sprays

• Women with a history of BV or other vaginal infections

Possible complications of untreated BV:

• Increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV

• Higher chance of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can affect fertility

• Complications during pregnancy, such as premature birth or low birth weight

• Post-surgical infections

How to get rid of bacterial vaginosis?

Now let’s focus on the main question — how can we keep the harmful bacteria at bay?

Consult with a doctor

The best way to manage bacterial vaginosis is to seek advice from a doctor. They will prescribe you some medications. These medications can help restore the natural balance of bacteria in your vagina. It’s important to finish the entire course, even if you start to feel better.

Allow your vagina to breathe

It is recommended that you wear cotton pants and avoid wearing clothing or underwear that is too tight. Allow your vagina to breathe properly. This helps wick away moisture and keeps the area dry. Tight-fitting clothing can trap moisture and create a warm environment for bacteria to thrive.

Minimise cleaning of the vagina with spray or soap

The vagina has a self-cleaning mechanism. Do not use any hard chemical soaps or spray to clean the vagina. It is essential to use only water to clean the vagina.

Keep the vagina dry

Change out of wet clothing promptly. Wet environments mainly attract harmful microorganisms. After bathing or showering, gently pat the vaginal area dry with a clean towel, ensuring it is completely dry before getting dressed. 

How to prevent bacterial vaginosis?

Sometimes bacterial vaginosis can return even after proper treatment. If this happens, here are some approaches that may help:

• Following safe sex practices with your partner.

• Using condoms can help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria and minimise the risk of bacterial vaginosis.

• Including yoghurt or probiotics in your diet can nourish the beneficial bacteria in your vagina, helping to keep your natural balance intact.

When to consult a doctor?

Vaginal discharge can vary throughout your cycle, but if you notice any changes that seem unusual in colour, consistency, smell, or amount, it’s important to consult a doctor. Here are some symptoms you can keep an eye on to know when you need to call your gynaecologist: 

Unusual symptoms or changes

If you notice any unusual symptoms, such as a fishy odour, abnormal discharge, or irritation, it’s important to seek medical advice.

Persistent or recurring symptoms

If symptoms persist or keep coming back despite treatment, don’t hesitate to contact your doctor for further evaluation.

Pregnancy

If you are pregnant and notice symptoms of bacterial vaginosis, it’s vital to consult your doctor, as it can affect your health and subsequently that of your baby.

Multiple partners or suspected STIs

If you have multiple sexual partners or suspect that you may have contracted an STI, it’s essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Restore balance and feel like yourself again

Bacterial vaginosis is a common and easily manageable condition that should not cause any shame. If you suspect that you have bacterial vaginosis, don’t hesitate to consult a physician or healthcare provider. There’s no need to suffer in silence when it comes to your health. Always remember, your body will take care of you if you appreciate it and take care of it. With the right knowledge and treatment, you can leave behind the irritation and discomfort, and feel confident again.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the main cause of bacterial vaginosis?

The main cause of bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina.

2. Can bacterial vaginosis go away on its own?

If you have no or very minor symptoms, bacterial vaginosis can go away on its own. But to prevent complications, it's advisable to consult a doctor.

3. Is bacterial vaginosis communicable?

Bacterial vaginosis is not considered a communicable condition, but sexual activity can impact its growth.

4. How can I prevent the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis?

To prevent bacterial vaginosis, it is necessary to maintain a healthy balance of vaginal bacteria, avoid douching, and practise excellent hygiene. 

5. How to eliminate bacterial vaginosis bacteria naturally?

Yoghurt or synthetic food containing Lactobacillus can help naturally eliminate bacteria linked to bacterial vaginosis. These beneficial bacteria can restore bacterial balance in the vagina. Eat a balanced diet with fruits, veggies, and whole grains to boost your immune system. 

6. How can I tell if it’s bacterial vaginosis or a yeast infection?

Although both may result in discharge and discomfort, bacterial vaginosis typically presents with a fishy smell, whereas yeast infections commonly lead to thick, white discharge. Consulting a doctor can help identify the specific condition.