Head Start: Spot the Early Signs of Brain Tumours Before They Take Over

Brain tumours can often feel like an intimidating topic, shrouded in fear and uncertainty. Yet, understanding this complex medical condition is essential for making informed decisions about our health.

Just as you prioritise balanced diets and stress management in your daily routine, recognising the signs of a brain tumour can lead to early intervention and better health outcomes.

As per the data from the Indian Council of Medical Research's Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (2021), brain tumours represented 1.6% of all cancer cases across different sites.

A brain tumour refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells within the brain. These tumours are primarily divided into two types: benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous). Although benign tumours typically do not spread to other areas of the body, they can still present significant health risks by exerting pressure on crucial structures inside the skull. In contrast, malignant tumours have the ability to invade nearby tissues and are generally more aggressive.

Brain tumours can either develop in the brain itself (known as primary brain tumours) or spread to the brain from other areas of the body (referred to as secondary or metastatic brain tumours). Understanding the type of brain tumour you may have is crucial, as it can influence treatment options and prognosis.

Brain tumours are classified based on their origin, histology (cell type), and location within the brain. Here are some common types:

• Gliomas: These tumours develop from glial cells and include types like astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. They can be aggressive and difficult to treat.
• Meningiomas: Typically non-cancerous, these tumours arise from the meninges, the protective layers that encase the brain and spinal cord.
• Pituitary tumours: These typically harmless tumours impact the pituitary gland, which controls hormone secretion in the body.
• Medulloblastomas: Common in children, these tumours originate in the cerebellum and can be aggressive.
• Ependymomas: These tumours originate from the ependymal cells that line the brain’s ventricles and can affect both children and adults.

The symptoms of brain tumours can vary significantly depending on the tumour’s size, location, and growth rate. Here are some common brain tumour symptoms to watch for:

• Headaches: Chronic headaches that could intensify over time, particularly those that arise in the early morning or interfere with sleep.
• Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms can be associated with increased pressure on the brain.
• Cognitive changes: Memory problems, confusion, or difficulty concentrating can be early signs of a brain tumour.
• Vision changes: Blurred or double vision or other visual disturbances can occur, especially with tumours near the optic nerve.
• Motor skill issues: Weakness, clumsiness, or coordination problems can develop, particularly if the tumour affects motor pathways.
• Seizures: New-onset seizures can be a significant indicator of a brain tumour.
• Personality changes: Altered mood or behaviour may also signal changes in brain function due to a tumour.

For younger generations, understanding brain health is increasingly relevant, particularly in a world filled with stressors like academic pressure, job uncertainties, and the pervasive influence of social media. Here are some lifestyle tips to support brain health:

• Balanced diet: Give your brain health a boost by consuming lots of healthy fats, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. Great options include blueberries, nuts, and fatty fish.
• Regular exercise: Physical activity promotes good blood flow and reduces inflammation, both of which are beneficial for brain health.
• Stress management: Engaging in mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and similar practices can help lower stress levels, which may decrease the likelihood of developing health problems, including brain tumours.
• Limit toxins: Reducing exposure to environmental toxins, such as pesticides and chemicals in household products, may help lower risk.
• Regular health check-ups: Regular check-ups can aid in identifying and preventing possible problems early.

While the thought of brain tumours can be daunting, knowledge is empowering. By recognising the signs and symptoms, understanding the causes, and adopting a proactive approach to health, individuals can navigate the complexities of brain health with greater confidence. If you notice any worrying symptoms, be sure to reach out to a healthcare professional.

The main types include gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumours, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas.

Some brain tumours may have a genetic component, but most occur sporadically without a family history.

While no lifestyle change can guarantee prevention, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and reducing toxin exposure can be beneficial.

Get an assessment and the necessary diagnostic testing after consulting a healthcare professional.

Treatment options vary based on the tumour’s type and location but may include surgery and various medical therapies.