Juggling Life & Mastitis? You Can Do Both! Here’s How

Mastitis may not be the most talked-about condition, but it’s something many mothers (both first-time and not) find themselves dealing with. Mastitis — an inflammation of the breast tissue — affects many breastfeeding women, but it can also happen to anyone. 

This blog will help you navigate mastitis with confidence and provide practical tips for keeping your life moving smoothly. It is important to address this effectively as neglecting this issue can result in the mother developing a breast abscess. 

A meta-analysis of studies from 1967 to 2019 revealed that in India, subclinical mastitis affects 45% of cases while clinical mastitis accounts for 18%, according to research published in 2021.

What is mastitis?

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that can result in breast pain, swelling, warmth, and redness. It’s most common in breastfeeding women but can affect any woman, especially during periods of hormonal fluctuations or certain underlying conditions. The condition typically occurs when bacteria enter the breast tissue through a cracked or sore nipple. When the body tries to fight off this infection, the result is swelling, pain, and sometimes fever, as the immune system reacts. Mastitis is common in the first few months after childbirth but can occur at any stage of breastfeeding.

Symptoms of mastitis

The symptoms of mastitis vary from mild to severe, but they typically include:

• Pain or tenderness in the breast: The affected breast will feel sore, tender, and sometimes intensely painful, especially when touched.

• Swelling and redness: You may notice that the breast becomes red, swollen, or warm to the touch.

• Flu-like symptoms: These can include fever, chills, headache, and body aches, which are often a result of infection.

• Lump or hard areas: Mastitis can cause a noticeable lump or hard area within the breast.

• Nipple discharge: In some cases, you may notice pus-like or bloody discharge from the nipple, especially when you express milk.

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to ensure timely treatment and prevent complications.

Causes of mastitis

Mastitis is primarily caused by bacteria entering the breast tissue, typically through a crack or sore in the nipple. These bacteria, most often Staphylococcus aureus, can infect the breast and cause inflammation. Several factors contribute to the development of mastitis:

• Blocked milk ducts: When milk is not fully emptied from the breast, it can lead to a clogged duct, which increases the risk of infection.

• Bacterial infection: If bacteria from the skin or the baby’s mouth enter the breast through cracked or sore nipples, it can cause mastitis.

• Nipple trauma: This can happen due to poor breastfeeding techniques, improper latch, or friction from tight clothing, leading to cracks in the nipple.

• Engorgement: Overfull breasts can increase the risk of clogged ducts, contributing to mastitis.

• Weaning: Sudden weaning or reducing breastfeeding frequency can sometimes cause mastitis if the milk is not expressed regularly.

• Nipple damage: Cracked, sore, or bleeding nipples create an entry point for bacteria, raising the likelihood of mastitis developing.

• Tight clothing or pressure on the breasts: Wearing tight bras or sleeping on the chest can compress milk ducts and restrict milk flow, leading to blockages.

• Fatigue and stress: Physical exhaustion and emotional stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections.

• History of mastitis: Women who have had mastitis before are more likely to experience it again, especially if underlying issues aren’t addressed.

Types of mastitis

There are a few types of mastitis that vary in severity and cause:

1. Infectious mastitis: This type occurs when bacteria infect the breast tissue, often leading to fever and flu-like symptoms. It is commonly treated with medicines.

2. Non-infectious mastitis: This happens without an infection and is usually caused by blocked ducts or engorgement. It may still cause pain and swelling, but it doesn’t typically require medication.

3. Chronic mastitis: In rare cases, mastitis can become chronic, meaning the condition keeps recurring. Chronic mastitis might require additional medical interventions, including surgery in some cases.

Risk factors for mastitis

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing mastitis, especially for breastfeeding women. These include:

• Breastfeeding complications: Poor latch, infrequent breastfeeding, or nipple injury can increase the risk of developing mastitis.

• Previous history: If you’ve had mastitis in the past, you are at a higher risk of developing it again.

• Nipple damage: Cracked or sore nipples create an entry point for bacteria to cause infection.

• Smoking: Smoking can affect breast tissue and increase the risk of infection.

• Blocked milk ducts: Failure to empty the breast can lead to clogged ducts, increasing the likelihood of infection.

• Weaning or irregular breastfeeding patterns: Sudden weaning or infrequent feeding increases the risk of engorgement and mastitis.

Complications of mastitis

Mastitis often resolves with prompt treatment, such as antibiotics and effective breastfeeding techniques; however, complications can arise if it is not managed properly. Understanding the potential risks can help ensure early detection and appropriate care.

• Breast abscess

If mastitis is left untreated or doesn’t respond to antibiotics, a painful collection of pus (abscess) may form in the breast. This often requires medical drainage and can prolong recovery.

• Chronic or recurrent mastitis

In some cases, especially if breastfeeding issues like poor latch or milk stasis aren’t addressed, mastitis can become a recurring problem, leading to ongoing discomfort and inflammation.

• Severe infection or systemic spread

The infection can sometimes spread beyond the breast tissue, causing flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches. In rare instances, this may progress to sepsis, a life-threatening condition that needs urgent medical care.

• Reduced milk supply

Inflammation or damage to the breast tissue may affect milk production, especially if one breast becomes consistently underused or painful to feed from.

• Scarring or breast tissue changes

Repeated episodes or untreated abscesses can occasionally lead to long-term changes in the breast, such as scarring or firmness in certain areas.

How can I prevent mastitis?

There are several ways to reduce the risk of mastitis, especially for breastfeeding mothers:

1. Ensure proper latch: Make sure your baby latches properly during breastfeeding. A poor latch can cause nipple trauma and make it easier for bacteria to enter.

2. Frequent breastfeeding: Breastfeed regularly to ensure that milk is emptied from the breast. This will help prevent engorgement and blocked ducts.

3. Proper nipple care: Keep the nipple area clean and dry, and avoid using harsh soaps or lotions that could irritate the skin.

4. Massage the breast: Gentle massage before or during breastfeeding can help prevent clogged ducts.

5. Wear comfortable clothing: Avoid tight bras or clothing that may cause pressure on the breast, leading to blocked ducts.

6. Hydrate and rest: Keeping yourself hydrated and well-rested can boost your immune system and help your body fight off infections.

Making it through mastitis

Mastitis is a common but treatable condition that can disrupt breastfeeding and cause discomfort. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and types can help you recognise it early and seek the right treatment. With proper management, most women can recover fully from mastitis and return to normal breastfeeding without lasting complications. Prevention is key, and adopting a few simple steps can greatly reduce your risk of developing mastitis.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How can I generally manage mastitis?

Mastitis is typically managed with doctor-approved medications if caused by an infection, along with pain relief measures like warm compresses. Continuing to breastfeed or express milk is usually recommended to help clear blocked ducts.

2. Is mastitis dangerous for the baby?

Mastitis is usually not dangerous for the baby. However, if you have an infection, it’s important to follow medical advice regarding breastfeeding or pumping to ensure the baby isn’t exposed to harmful bacteria.

3. How common is mastitis?

Mastitis is very common, especially among breastfeeding women. Around 10%-20% of breastfeeding mothers experience it at some point.