Not Just a Woman’s Issue: 10 Early Thyroid Symptoms Men Should Know of

In India alone, around 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases. However, thyroid issues aren't just a "female thing" — they affect men too, often presenting with unique symptoms that can easily go unnoticed. Even prominent figures like Brazilian football legend Ronaldo Luis Nazario de Lima have spoken openly about their struggles with thyroid conditions, bringing much-needed attention to this frequently overlooked aspect of male health. Whether you're a millennial juggling a high-pressure career or a Gen Z prioritising wellness, understanding thyroid symptoms is essential for optimal well-being.

The rise in thyroid disorders among men today is closely tied to modern lifestyle factors. Chronic stress, often driven by career demands and financial pressures, can disrupt hormone regulation, worsening thyroid imbalances. Diets loaded with processed foods, lacking key nutrients like iodine and selenium, further strain the thyroid. Coupled with sleep deprivation from fast-paced routines, these factors create the perfect storm for thyroid dysfunction.

Raising awareness about these symptoms and their triggers is vital. Early recognition and intervention can empower men to take charge of their health, ensuring a better quality of life and overall well-being.

The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland at the front of the neck, plays a vital role in regulating almost all body functions, including metabolism, energy levels, digestion, cardiac and bone health, memory, and even mood. Thyroid diseases can cause the thyroid to overproduce hormones (hyperthyroidism) or underproduce them (hypothyroidism). Men, like women, can experience both types of thyroid disease, though symptoms and effects might differ.

1. Hypothyroidism – Low thyroid hormone production, often causing fatigue, weight gain, and low energy.
2. Hyperthyroidism – Excessive thyroid hormone production, leading to symptoms like weight loss, irritability, and anxiety.
3. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis – An autoimmune disorder causing hypothyroidism.
4. Graves’ Disease – An autoimmune condition leading to hyperthyroidism.
5. Thyroid Nodules & Cancer – Although rare, nodules or cancer in the thyroid can impact its function.

Males with thyroid dysfunction often experience persistent fatigue, even after a full night’s rest. The thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and energy production, so energy levels can plummet when they are out of balance, leaving one feeling drained and weak. Unlike normal tiredness, this fatigue doesn’t improve with rest and may make routine activities exhausting.

Unexplained weight changes are a hallmark symptom of thyroid issues. With hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), metabolism slows down, often leading to weight gain despite regular diet and exercise. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) speeds up metabolism, causing sudden, unintentional weight loss, which can be difficult to regain, even with increased food intake.

Thyroid hormones influence reproductive health, and the imbalances can lead to reduced libido and sexual dysfunction. Low thyroid hormone levels can cause a drop in testosterone levels, leading to low sex drive and potential erectile dysfunction. This symptom can often be subtle but significantly impacts relationships and self-esteem if left unaddressed. Low thyroid levels can also affect sperm production and sperm quality, contributing to infertility issues.

Thyroid imbalances often disrupt hair growth cycles, leading to hair thinning or even bald patches in some cases. The hair becomes brittle and more likely to break, and it may take longer to regrow, even after treatment begins. In extreme cases, the eyebrows or body hair may also thin, signalling that the thyroid imbalance has affected multiple bodily systems.

Mood changes, including irritability, anxiety, and depression, are common male thyroid symptoms. Hypothyroidism is linked to depression and sluggishness, as low thyroid levels impact serotonin production in the brain. Hyperthyroidism, however, may lead to heightened anxiety, restlessness, and mood swings. These changes can be intense and are often misattributed to other mental health conditions.

The thyroid helps regulate body temperature so a hormonal imbalance can disrupt this function. Men with hypothyroidism may feel unusually cold, even in warm environments, while those with hyperthyroidism may experience excessive sweating and heat sensitivity. This unusual temperature sensitivity can be one of the earliest indicators of thyroid problems.

Muscle and joint discomfort, often described as a deep ache or soreness, is especially common with untreated hypothyroidism. The slowed metabolism causes lactic acid buildup in the muscles, leading to pain and stiffness. Men with hyperthyroidism may also experience muscle weakness, which can make everyday tasks more challenging.

Thyroid hormones directly impact the digestive system. Hypothyroidism often slows digestion, causing constipation and bloating, while hyperthyroidism may speed up digestion, leading to frequent bowel movements or hyper-defecation. Persistent digestive problems can be a key indicator of thyroid imbalance, especially if lifestyle adjustments don’t bring relief.

Thyroid hormones also regulate heart rate. In hypothyroidism, the heart may beat slower than usual, leading to low energy and feelings of sluggishness. Hyperthyroidism, by contrast, can cause a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) and may even lead to heart palpitations or a feeling of the heart pounding. Both cases can cause noticeable discomfort and, over time, may increase cardiovascular risks if left untreated.

Thyroid imbalances can lead to “brain fog,” making concentrating, focusing, or recalling information hard. Hypothyroidism often leads to slower cognitive processing, forgetfulness, and trouble multitasking. Men with hyperthyroidism might feel scattered or mentally hyperactive but unable to focus on one thing at a time. This cognitive impact can affect work and personal life, leading to frustration and difficulty with daily tasks.

Prolonged periods of high thyroid hormone levels can affect bone health, making them lose minerals and become brittle. This may place you at an increased risk of fractures if left untreated.  

Thyroid disease has a significant impact on male hormones, primarily by influencing testosterone levels. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, energy levels, and the balance of other hormones. When thyroid function is disrupted — whether due to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) — testosterone production can be affected. This drop in testosterone can lead to several physical, mental, and emotional symptoms, which, if left unchecked, can take a toll on overall well-being.

If you’re experiencing any of the early symptoms mentioned, especially fatigue, weight changes, or low libido, it’s worth consulting your doctor. Blood tests can check hormone levels and guide the right treatment plan, including lifestyle adjustments, medications, or supplements.

Thyroid conditions can sneak up on anyone, but for males, recognising the early signs and seeking timely treatment is essential. Often overlooked as a primarily female issue, thyroid imbalances in men can lead to significant impacts on energy, mood, weight, and overall well-being if left unaddressed. Taking a proactive approach — paying attention to symptoms, getting regular health checkups, and discussing any concerns with a healthcare provider — can help prevent complications and keep you in control of your health. Staying informed empowers you to make choices that support a balanced lifestyle and a healthier future.

Thyroid issues in men can be caused by genetics, autoimmune diseases, or lifestyle factors such as diet and stress. Very often, no underlying cause can be found for thyroid dysfunction.

Yes, symptoms may differ due to hormonal variations, and men may experience more subtle signs.

Absolutely. Diet, stress management, and regular check-ups can play a role in managing symptoms.

Yes, thyroid dysfunction can lower testosterone levels, affecting fertility.

With proper management, most men can control symptoms effectively and live a healthy life.