Vaginal Cyst: Causes, Symptoms & How to Treat It

Discovering a lump or experiencing discomfort in your intimate regions can be concerning. Understanding vaginal cysts, what they are, and when they require attention can help ease your worries. While often benign, these growths can affect your comfort and quality of life. Essentially, a vaginal cyst is a fluid-filled lump that develops on the vaginal wall or near the opening, causing a range of symptoms from mild discomfort to severe pain. While many cysts are small and cause no symptoms, others may grow larger and affect your daily comfort. According to studies, vaginal cysts are common in women (1 in 200) of childbearing age, often due to hormonal changes or blocked glands.

As you seek relief, it's crucial to understand the facts about vaginal cysts, including their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Here's what current medical research tells us about vaginal cysts.

What is a vaginal cyst?

A vaginal cyst is a fluid-filled lump that develops on the vaginal wall or near the opening, varying in size from a small, pea-sized bump to a larger, uncomfortable growth. These cysts can form due to various reasons and may cause discomfort, pain, or difficulty walking or sitting. While some vaginal cysts are harmless and don't require treatment, others may become infected or grow larger, necessitating medical attention.

Types of vaginal cysts

Vaginal cysts can appear in different forms, such as: 

• Inclusion cyst: An inclusion cyst, also known as an epidermal inclusion cyst, occurs when skin cells are trapped beneath the vaginal wall surface. These cysts are usually benign — filled with keratin debris and can vary in size.  

• Bartholin gland cyst: A Bartholin gland cyst occurs when the Bartholin gland, located near the vaginal opening, becomes blocked, causing fluid accumulation.  

• Sebaceous cyst: A sebaceous cyst in the vaginal area occurs when a gland becomes blocked, causing a lump or swelling. 

• Gartner's duct cyst: A Gartner's duct cyst is a benign, fluid-filled structure that develops from remnants of the Wolffian ducts in the vaginal wall.

What does a vaginal cyst look like?

A vaginal cyst can appear as a visible lump or swelling in or around the vagina. The appearance can vary depending on the type and size of the cyst. Here are some characteristics of vaginal cysts:

• Size: They can range in size from small lumps the size of a pea to larger, more visible growths. And growing as the day advances

• Colour: These bumps may be skin-colored, pinkish, or have a slight reddish hue.

• Texture: The surface can be smooth or slightly irregular.

• Location: Cysts can develop on the vaginal wall, near the vaginal opening, or in the vulvar area.

• Appearance over time: Some cysts stay the same over time, while others may increase in size or alter in appearance.

Vaginal cyst symptoms: What you might experience

Vaginal cysts can cause a range of symptoms, varying in severity and impact on daily life. Some women may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may feel discomfort or pain. Common symptoms include:

• Pain or discomfort: Especially during activities like walking, sitting, or sexual intercourse

• Visible lump or swelling: Noticeable bump or swelling in or around the vagina

• Difficulty with intimacy: Pain or discomfort during sex due to the cyst's location or size

• Urination issues: Discomfort or difficulty urinating if the cyst presses on the urethra

• Infection signs: Redness, swelling, warmth, or pus if the cyst becomes infected

• Asymptomatic: Some cysts may not cause any noticeable symptoms and are discovered during routine exams

Common causes of vaginal cysts

Vaginal cysts can develop due to various factors. Here are some common causes:

• Blockages of glands or ducts: When glands or ducts in the vaginal area become obstructed, fluid or secretions can accumulate, leading to cyst formation.

• Trauma or injury: Injuries from events like childbirth or surgery may lead to the formation of vaginal cysts.

• Abnormal cell growth: In some cases, abnormal cell growth or developmental anomalies can lead to vaginal cysts.

• Infections: Bacterial or fungal infections can cause abscesses or cysts in the vaginal area.

• Hormonal fluctuations: Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, or menopause can contribute to cyst development.

• Congenital anomalies: Some vaginal cysts are present at birth due to abnormal development of the reproductive tract.

• Unknown aetiology: Sometimes, vaginal cysts can develop without any identifiable cause. If you suspect you have a vaginal cyst, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Vaginal cyst treatment options

Vaginal cysts can be uncomfortable and concerning, but various treatment options are available to alleviate symptoms and address the cysts. 

Here's an overview of treatment options:

• Observation: Small, asymptomatic cysts might not require immediate treatment and can be monitored over time. Under the cover of antibiotics as per doctor's assessment

• Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress can help reduce discomfort and promote drainage.

• Medications: May be prescribed if the cyst becomes infected to manage discomfort.

• Home Remedies: Sitz baths involve sitting in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes, and good hygiene practices can support healing and comfort.

When to see a doctor?

If you're experiencing symptoms like vaginal discomfort, pain, persistent swelling, or any other unusual changes, it's best to consult a doctor. Seek medical attention if you notice unusual discharge, odour, or difficulty urinating. Additionally, if a cyst is large, persistent, or recurs frequently, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent potential complications.

Bottom line

Finding a vaginal cyst can feel scary, but here's what's important to know: most are completely harmless and can be easily managed. The best thing you can do is have it checked by a doctor who can tell you exactly what you're dealing with and help you decide on the right approach. These kinds of health concerns happen to lots of women, and healthcare providers see them all the time — they're there to support you every step of the way.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are vaginal cysts cancerous?

Most vaginal cysts are benign, but it's essential to have any unusual growths evaluated by a healthcare provider promptly.

2. Can vaginal cysts recur?

Yes, some types of vaginal cysts can recur, especially if not properly treated or if underlying conditions persist.

3. Can you prevent vaginal cysts?

Maintaining good vaginal hygiene, avoiding irritants, and seeking prompt medical attention for infections can help reduce the risk of vaginal cysts.