Vaginal Infections: Know the Signs, Take Control

Vaginal infections are more common than you might think, and while they can be quite uncomfortable, they’re nothing to be embarrassed about. From unexpected itching to unusual discharge, these infections can catch you off guard and leave you feeling uncomfortable. The good news is that with a little knowledge and care, you can nip most issues in the bud before they become a bigger problem.

In this article, we will learn about different types of vaginal infections, what causes them, and how to spot the warning signs early. We’ll also explore the best ways to treat them effectively and share practical tips on how to prevent future infections.

What is a vaginal infection?

A vaginal infection (also known as vaginitis) refers to inflammation or infection of the vagina that may cause discharge, itching, irritation, or pain. It occurs when the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted, allowing harmful organisms to grow. Though usually mild, vaginal infections can become more severe if left untreated or if they occur frequently.

What causes vaginal infections?

There are several potential causes of vaginal infections and these can vary depending on their type. The most common factors include:

• Bacterial imbalance: When the balance of healthy vaginal bacteria is disrupted, harmful bacteria can overgrow, leading to infections such as bacterial vaginosis.

• Fungal overgrowth: An overgrowth of candida, a type of yeast naturally found in the body, can result in a yeast infection.

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea can all cause symptoms similar to other vaginal infections.

• Allergic reactions or irritants: Products such as perfumed soaps, douches, or fabric softeners can irritate the vaginal tissue.

• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can affect the vaginal environment and increase susceptibility to infection.

Common vaginal infection symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection, but the most common vaginal infection symptoms include:

• Unusual vaginal discharge: This may change in colour, texture, or odour. It can range from white and thick (as in a yeast infection) to greyish and fishy-smelling (typical of bacterial vaginosis).

• Itching or irritation: Often around the vaginal opening or inside the vagina

• Burning sensation: Particularly during urination or sexual intercourse

• Redness or swelling: Of the vulva or vaginal area

• Pain or discomfort: Some women may feel general pelvic discomfort or pressure.

• Foul-smelling odour: In some cases, vaginitis can cause a strong, fishy odour. 

Types of vaginal infections

There are several types of vaginal infections, each with distinct causes and characteristics.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

BV occurs when the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is disrupted, allowing harmful bacteria to multiply. Common symptoms include thin, greyish discharge with a strong fish-like odour, especially after sex.

Yeast infection (Candidiasis)

This is caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, often triggered by certain medicines, stress, or hormonal changes. Common symptoms include thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, intense itching, and redness.

Trichomoniasis

This is an STI caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include frothy, yellow-green discharge, unpleasant odour, itching, and discomfort during sex or urination.

• Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

These STIs can infect the vagina and cervix, often with few or no symptoms. Left untreated, they can lead to serious complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility.

• Non-infectious vaginitis

Caused by irritants like soaps, hygiene sprays, or clothing materials, rather than microbes. This type of vaginitis often presents with itching and redness but no discharge.

Diagnosing a vaginal infection: What to expect

Diagnosing a vaginal infection usually starts with a conversation about your symptoms, general health, and any recent lifestyle or personal care changes. A healthcare professional may carry out a routine check to assess the affected area and observe any visible signs of irritation or abnormal discharge. In some cases, a small sample may be taken for further examination. This helps to identify the cause of the infection and guide the most suitable treatment.

Treating vaginal infections

Treating vaginal infections typically involves identifying the underlying cause, whether it's bacterial, fungal, or parasitic, and using targeted medications. While yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and atrophic vaginitis can be treated using medications, irritant-related vaginitis requires identifying and avoiding the irritant.

Preventing vaginal infections

While not all infections can be avoided, certain habits can greatly reduce your risk of getting vaginal infections. 

• Maintain proper hygiene: Wash the genital area daily with water. Avoid perfumed soaps or douches.

• Wear loose-fitting breathable clothing: Cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes help keep the area dry and prevent the overgrowth of bacteria or yeast.

• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet: This supports overall immune health and vaginal flora.

• Practise safer intimacy: Using protection during sexual activity helps reduce the risk of infections that can upset the natural balance of the vaginal area. It also lowers the chance of passing on or picking up STIs.

• Listen to your body: If something feels off, itching, burning, or you spot unusual discharge, don’t ignore it. Early attention can prevent things from getting worse.

• Consider using unscented hygiene products: Avoid scented tampons, pads, and feminine sprays. 

• Manage underlying conditions: Control diabetes or other conditions that can increase the risk of vaginitis.

Don’t let your vagina catch you off guard

A vaginal infection might not be a dinner-table conversation topic, but it’s one worth getting familiar with. Your vagina has a smart way of letting you know when something’s off, all you need to do is listen. From changes in discharge to unexpected itching or irritation, these little red flags deserve your attention. The good news? Most infections are easily treated and even easier to prevent with a bit of care. So stay informed, pay attention to any changes, and take care of your vaginal health, it plays an important role in your overall wellbeing.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a vaginal infection?

A vaginal infection is an inflammation or irritation of the vagina caused by an imbalance of natural bacteria or yeast. 

2. What causes vaginal infections?

They can be caused by bacteria, yeast overgrowth, STIs, irritants, or hormonal changes. 

3. What are the common symptoms of a vaginal infection?

Typical symptoms include unusual discharge, itching, burning sensation, redness, swelling, and sometimes an unpleasant odour.