Vaginal Ulcers: Learn What’s Really Going On Down There

There are certain aspects of women's health that remain unspoken, even in our most intimate conversations. Vaginal ulcers — affecting millions of women worldwide — represent one of these silent experiences that can profoundly impact how we move through our days, our relationships, and our sense of physical confidence. These unwelcome sores can have a range of causes and can be quite troublesome, whether they’re linked to infections or other factors.

In this blog, we will explore everything you need to know about genital ulcers in females, from what causes them and the common symptoms, to the different types and the best ways to treat them. So, if you’ve ever wondered what’s really going on ‘down there,’ you’re in the right place.

What is a vaginal ulcer?

A vaginal ulcer is a break or lesion in the skin or mucous lining of the vulva and vaginal canal. These ulcers can appear as small red or white sores, sometimes filled with pus or covered with a crust. They may be painful, itchy, or even asymptomatic in some cases. Ulcers may vary in size and number, depending on the underlying cause, and can appear either singly or in clusters. Additionally, genital ulcers are not a condition in themselves but rather a symptom of an underlying issue that warrants medical attention. 

In a study of genital ulcer disease (GUD) cases in India, out of 135 people with genital ulcers, most were young men between 21 and 30 years old. Herpes was the most common cause, and a few also had HIV.

They can be caused by a variety of factors, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like herpes and syphilis, and non-STI causes like trauma, autoimmune conditions, or adverse drug reactions. Symptoms can include pain, itching, burning, and swelling. If you experience these symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of vaginal or genital ulcers

Ulcers in the vagina may appear in different ways, but typical genital ulcer symptoms include:

• Pain or discomfort in the vulva or vaginal region

• Burning sensation during urination

• Vaginal discharge

• Itching or tingling in the genital area

• Redness or swelling around the ulcer

• Presence of blisters that may burst to form open sores

• Mild fever or general malaise (in case of infections)

Causes of genital ulcers in females

The causes of genital ulcers in females can vary widely, ranging from infections to non-infectious conditions and even physical irritation. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment and prevention.

Common causes of genital ulcers include:

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

This is one of the leading causes of genital ulcers. Infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), syphilis, and chancroid can lead to painful or painless sores in the genital area.

• Non-sexually transmitted infections

Certain bacterial or fungal infections, although not spread through sexual contact, can still cause ulceration in the vulval or vaginal region.

• Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions

Diseases like Behcet’s syndrome, lichen planus, and Crohn’s disease may result in vaginal ulcers due to chronic inflammation and immune system dysfunction.

• Trauma or irritation

Shaving, allergic reactions, friction from clothing, or harsh hygiene products can damage the skin and lead to ulcer formation, especially if the area becomes infected.

• Hormonal changes and stress

In some cases, especially in young women, acute genital ulcers may appear during periods of intense stress or hormonal fluctuations, even in the absence of infection.

Types of genital ulcers

Vaginal ulcers are generally classified as either sexually acquired or non-sexually acquired. 

Sexually acquired ulcers, resulting from sexual contact, are the most common type of genital ulcers. On the other hand, non-sexually acquired ulcers are more common in younger, non-sexually active women.

Genital ulcer treatment options

Genital ulcer treatment often includes measures such as keeping the area clean and dry, using soothing applications to reduce irritation, and avoiding activities that may worsen the condition, like tight clothing or harsh products. Adequate rest, good hygiene, and following a recommended care plan as suggested by your healthcare provider all contribute to effective treatment of vaginal ulcers and faster recovery.

When to see a doctor

You should consult a healthcare professional if:

• The ulcer is persistent or recurrent

• There is severe pain or discomfort

• You have other symptoms like fever, swollen lymph nodes, or unusual discharge

• You suspect a sexually transmitted infection

• You experience ulcers after starting a new medication or product

• The sore does not heal within two weeks

Early diagnosis and treatment not only promote the healing of vaginal ulcers but also reduce the risk of complications and transmission.

Ensuring your lady parts are healthy

Understanding your body's signals and responding with both medical expertise and self-compassion is perhaps the most sophisticated approach to intimate health. It's about recognising that seeking care isn't just about treating symptoms — it's about maintaining the quality of life you deserve, in all its dimensions.

Important Considerations: 

• Seek medical attention: If you suspect you have vaginal ulcers, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

• Practice safe sex: Using condoms during sex can help prevent the spread of STIs.

• Good hygiene: Maintaining good hygiene practices can help prevent non-STI causes of ulcers. 

• Follow your doctor's advice: It's important to follow your doctor's instructions for treatment and management of vaginal ulcers. 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are vaginal ulcers?

Vaginal ulcers are open sores or lesions that form on the vaginal walls or surrounding tissues, often due to infection or irritation.

2. Are vaginal ulcers always a sign of an STI?

No, while some are caused by sexually transmitted infections, others may result from non-infectious conditions like lichen planus or Behcet’s disease.

3. What are the symptoms of vaginal ulcers?

Common symptoms include pain, itching, burning, discharge, and sometimes bleeding or swelling.