Building a Stronger Defence: What to Know About Immunodeficiency

We live in a world of germs and many other foreign particles. Our immune systems are our body's first line of defence, protecting us from these foreign particles. But sometimes, our immune systems can falter, leaving us more susceptible to infections and diseases. This blog will explore the world of immunodeficiency disorders, providing insights into what they are, how they can affect your health, and what you can do to strengthen your immune system. The question that often comes to mind is, how does this immune system work, and what does it mean?

India has made significant strides in the field of immunodeficiency disorder research. Numerous institutions and researchers across the country are actively engaged in studying the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.

Your body's superheroes: The immune system

The immune system is a sophisticated network of cells, tissues, and organs that defend the body against infections and other diseases. It includes white blood cells and organs and tissues of the lymphatic system, such as the thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and bone marrow. As long as your immune system is working smoothly, you are safe, but the moment you get symptoms such as a cold, fever, or allergies, your immune system immediately starts the battle.

Every human cell has a surface receptor protein, so foreign particles called “antigens” attach to cell surface receptors and a whole series of immune  processes are triggered. Once the body has first encountered a pathogen, it often saves information about the pathogen and how to combat it. If it reencounters the germ, it will immediately recognise it and be able to combat it more quickly.

So, the question arises: What happens when our immune system is weakened or compromised? This ultimately leads to immunodeficiency disorders, which lead to a decreased ability to produce or function properly with immune cells, antibodies, or other components of the immune system.

Beyond the basics: Different types of immunodeficiency disorders

Immunodeficiency disorders are classified into two types:

1. Primary immunodeficiencies: These disorders are typically congenital and caused by genetic factors, often inherited. They usually become apparent in infancy or early childhood, although some, like common variable immunodeficiency, may not be diagnosed until adulthood. Primary immunodeficiencies are relatively uncommon.
2. Secondary immunodeficiencies: These disorders develop later in life, frequently due to factors such as medication use or other underlying conditions like diabetes or HIV infection. They are more prevalent than primary immunodeficiencies.

When to seek help for immune issues: Common symptoms of immunodeficiency

Are you feeling like you’re constantly battling infections? It might be time to pay attention to your immune system. Let's explore some common signs of an immunodeficiency disorder and learn how to spot them. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Here are some common symptoms you may observe:

• Recurrent infections: These comprise infections of the skin, lungs, throat, nose, and ears.
• Persistent fever: A fever that doesn't seem to go away.
• Unexplained weight loss: Weight loss that occurs without dietary modifications.
• Fatigue: Despite having adequate sleep, feeling weak and exhausted.
• Enlarged lymph nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, armpits, or neck.
• Opportunistic infections: These are infections caused by organisms that typically don't harm people with healthy immune systems. Examples include pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii and thrush (oral candidiasis).

Causes and risk factors of immunodeficiency disorders

Several factors may contribute to immunodeficiency disorders, including:

• Genetics: Some have a genetic predisposition to immune system disorders.
• Infections: Certain infections, such as HIV, may damage the immune system.
• Medications: Some medications may suppress the immune system.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases, may weaken the immune system.
• Lifestyle factors: Malnutrition, stress, and lack of sleep may impair immune function.

Preventing immunodeficiency: Is it possible?

It may not be possible to prevent all immunodeficiency disorders, but certain steps can be taken to reduce your risk. Have you ever wondered if there is any secret to a strong immune system? While some immunodeficiency disorders are genetic, lifestyle factors may play a significant role in protecting your body's natural defences. Here are the steps which may help you maintain your immune system. Maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and managing stress.

• Vaccines can help protect you from infectious diseases.
• Avoid exposure to harmful substances, including toxins and pollutants.
• If you experience frequent infections or other symptoms of an immunodeficiency disorder, consult with a healthcare professional.

Shield your immunity

Remember, a strong immune system is your body's best defence against infections and diseases. Taking care of your immune system is essential for overall health and well-being. From diet and exercise to vaccinations and avoiding harmful substances, discover how you can empower yourself with a healthier immune system.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are three common diseases of the immune system?

Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), immunodeficiency disorders (e.g., HIV/AIDS, common variable immunodeficiency), hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies, asthma).

What is the classification of immunodeficiency?

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are inherited conditions present from birth, and secondary immunodeficiency disorders (SIDs) are acquired conditions that develop later in life.

Are there lifestyle changes that can help manage immunodeficiency disorders?

Yes, lifestyle changes may help manage immunodeficiency disorders. These include a healthy diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding harmful substances.

Are there any genetic tests to identify if I have an immunodeficiency disorder?

Yes, genetic testing can be used to diagnose certain primary immunodeficiency disorders. Reach out to your doctor for the best recommendations.

What role does nutrition play in managing immunodeficiency disorders?

A balanced diet provides essential vitamins, minerals, proteins, and healthy fats that support immune function. Consult a registered dietitian for personalised guidance.